Relação entre saúde mental de idosos do Distrito Federal e exposição a informações sobre COVID-19

A fim de conhecer o tempo e a frequência com que idosos se expõem a notícias e informações sobre a COVID-19 por diferentes mídias e relacioná-los com sintomas depressivos e de ansiedade, 154 idosos (M = 69,06) do Distrito Federal responderam a um questionário online. A amostra foi composta majoritariamente por mulheres, brancas, escolarizadas e com renda proveniente de aposentadoria e/ou pensão. Constatou-se que a televisão foi o meio de comunicação mais utilizado pelos participantes, seguido pelas redes sociais. Ao considerar características demográficas, idosos mais jovens (60 a 74 anos) e com ensino superior completo apresentaram maior exposição a notícias por meio das redes sociais do que os mais velhos e com menor escolaridade. Idosos com rastreio para depressão e transtorno de ansiedade generalizada permaneceram mais horas expostos a informações sobre a COVID-19 veiculadas pela televisão que idosos não rastreados. Além disso, aqueles com rastreio para depressão relataram maior frequência de exposição a esse conteúdo pela televisão e pelas redes sociais. Os resultados deste estudo revelam a necessidade de planejamento de medidas de promoção e prevenção em saúde específicas para a população idosa a fim de lidar com as consequências da pandemia e, especialmente, infodemia de COVID-19.

Para conocer el tiempo y la frecuencia con que los ancianos están expuestos a noticias e informaciones sobre el COVID-19 por diferentes medios de comunicación y relacionarlos con los síntomas depresivos y de ansiedad, 154 ancianos (m = 69,06) del Distrito Federal respondieron a un cuestionario online. La muestra estaba compuesta mayoritariamente por mujeres, de raza blanca, con estudios y con ingresos por jubilación y/o pensión. Se comprobó que la televisión era el medio de comunicación más utilizado por los participantes, seguido de las redes sociales. Teniendo en cuenta las características demográficas, los más jóvenes (60 a 74 años) y con estudios superiores completos presentan una mayor exposición a las noticias a través de las redes sociales que los más mayores y con menor escolaridad. Los ancianos con cribado de depresión y trastorno de ansiedad generalizada permanecieron más horas expuestos a la información sobre COVID-19 emitida por televisión que los ancianos no cribados. Además, los que se sometieron a pruebas de detección de la depresión informaron de una mayor frecuencia de exposición a este contenido por parte de la televisión y los medios sociales. Los resultados de este estudio revelan la necesidad de planificar medidas de promoción de la salud y de prevención específicas para la población de edad avanzada con el fin de hacer frente a las consecuencias de la pandemia y, especialmente, de la infodemia de COVID-19.

In order to know the time and frequency with which elderly are exposed to news and information about COVID-19 through different media and relate them with depressive and anxiety symptoms, 154 elderly (M = 69.06) from Distrito Federal answered an online questionnaire. The sample was composed mostly of women, white, educated, and with income from retirement and/or pension. It was found that television was the media most used by participants, followed by social networks. Considering demographic characteristics, younger elders (60 to 74 years old) and with complete college education had more exposure to news through social networks than the older ones and with less education. Elderly with screening for depression and generalized anxiety disorder remained exposed more hours to information about COVID-19 broadcast on television than unscreened elderly. In addition, those with screening for depression reported greater frequency of exposure to this content on television and social media. The results of this study reveal the need for health promotion and prevention measures planning specific to the elderly population to deal with the consequences of the pandemic and especially infodemic of COVID-19.

Noticias de suicidio en canales de televisión peruanos: evaluación del cumplimiento de las recomendaciones de la OMS para su notificación / Suicide news on peruvian television channels: evaluation of compliance with WHO's reporting recommendations

Objetivo. Determinar el cumplimiento a las recomendaciones de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) de las noticias sobre suicidio emitidas por canales de la televisión peruana. Materiales y métodos. Estudio cuantitativo y descriptivo. La unidad de análisis fueron las noticias de suicidio emitidas por ocho canales de televisión peruana durante los años 2020 y 2021. Las noticias se clasificaron en tres categorías: noticias sobre suicidio, intento de suicidio y prevención del suicidio. Se utilizó un instrumento de evaluación compuesto por las recomendaciones de la OMS. Resultados. Se analizaron un total de 126 noticias. Ninguna de estas noticias cumplió en su totalidad con las recomendaciones de la OMS. Las noticias sobre suicidio o intento de suicidio cumplieron con 4 de 13 recomendaciones, siendo la recomendación más acatada la de evitar publicar notas suicidas (97,4%), mientras que la menos cumplida fue la de instruir a la población sobre el suicidio y su prevención, y no difundir mitos (0,9%). Las noticias de prevención de suicidio cumplieron 5 de 7 recomendaciones. Conclusiones. Las noticias sobre suicidio emitidas en la televisión peruana en los años 2020 y 2021 mostraron un bajo cumplimiento a las recomendaciones de la OMS. Los profesionales de la comunicación tienen un rol fundamental en la prevención del suicidio, limitando la información sensible y difundiendo información de ayuda. Es fundamental el conocimiento de estas recomendaciones por los comunicadores, y el trabajo conjunto entre el equipo periodístico y los profesionales de la salud mental en la comunicación de noticias relacionadas con el suicidio.

Objective. To determine if suicide news reports broadcasted by Peruvian television channels comply with the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations for reporting suicide news. Materials and methods. Quantitative and descriptive study. The unit of analysis was the suicide news broadcasted by eight Peruvian television channels during the years 2020 and 2021. News were classified into three categories: news about suicide, attempted suicide and suicide prevention. We used an evaluation instrument composed of WHO recommendations. Results. A total of 126 news reports were analyzed; but none of these complied fully with the WHO recommendations. The news reports on suicide or attempted suicide complied with 4 of 13 recommendations. Most reports complied with avoiding to publish suicide notes (97.4%); on the other hand, educating about suicide and its prevention, and not disseminating myths was the recommendation least complied with (0.9%). Suicide prevention news reports complied with 5 of 7 recommendations. Conclusions. Suicide news reports on Peruvian television in 2020 and 2021 showed low compliance with WHO recommendations. Communication professionals have a fundamental role in suicide prevention, limiting sensitive information and disseminating helpful information. It is essential for communicators to be aware of these recommendations and for the journalism team and mental health professionals to work together in the communication of news related to suicide.

Sistema automatizado para el control de medios de informática, ofimática y comunicaciones CIMIOC

Introducción: en las instituciones pertenecientes al Ministerio de Salud Pública de Cuba, la forma habitual de registrar el control de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación ha sido mediante hojas de Excel, procesadores de texto y fichas técnicas impresas. El control informatizado ofrece ventajas, pero las aplicaciones informáticas existentes a nivel mundial son costosas o no adaptables a los requerimientos. Objetivo: desarrollar una herramienta informática para el control institucional de medios informáticos, ofimáticos y de comunicaciones. Materiales y Métodos: investigación de desarrollo e innovación tecnológica, realizada durante 2018 y 2019, en dos etapas: 1) trabajo de mesa, definición de objetivos y establecimiento de pre-requisitos; 2) desarrollo de la aplicación, siguiendo la política de utilización de software libre. Las pruebas de funcionamiento y la evaluación se realizaron en la empresa MEDICuba S.A. Resultados: se desarrolló y registró una aplicación para el Control Informatizado de Medios de Informática, Ofimática y Comunicaciones (CIMIOC), con interfaz web, base de datos centralizada y un diseño adaptable a varios tipos de dispositivos. Permite registrar cualquier recurso de este tipo, su historial de movimiento, el estado técnico, los programas de mantenimiento y salvas de información, y ofrece diferentes reportes estadísticos. Conclusiones: la herramienta informática CIMIOC ofrece una solución robusta y económica para la gestión de las Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones, aplicable a cualquier institución. Facilita de manera objetiva el establecimiento de políticas que tributen a elevar los niveles de calidad en los servicios asociados a la utilización intensiva de estas tecnologías. Se recomienda generalizar la implantación en el Sistema Nacional de Salud.

Introduction: in the institutions belonging to the Ministry of Public Health of Cuba, the usual way of recording the control of Information and Communication Technologies has been through Excel sheets, word processors and printed technical sheets. Computerized control offers advantages, but existing computer applications worldwide are expensive or not adaptable to the requirements. Objective: to develop a computer tool for the institutional control of computer, office and communications media. Materials and Methods: technological development and innovation research, carried out during 2018 and 2019, in 2 stages: 1) table work, definition of objectives and establishment of pre-requisites. 2) development of the application, following the policy of use of free software. The performance tests and the evaluation were carried out in the company MEDICuba S.A. Results: an application for the Computerized Control of Informatics, Office Automation and Communications Media (CIMIOC) was developed and registered, with a web interface, centralized database and a design adaptable to various types of devices. It allows recording any resource of this type, its movement history, technical status, maintenance programs and information saves, and offers different statistical reports. Conclusions: the CIMIOC computer tool offers a robust and economical solution for ICT management, applicable to any institution. It objectively facilitates the establishment of policies that contribute to raising quality levels in services associated with the intensive use of ICT. Authors recommend to generalize the implementation in the National Health System.

Research progress of fear of missing out in mobile social media among college students / 中国学校卫生

Abstract@#Fear of missing out is an emerging type of anxiety disorder in the context of the Internet and has showed significant impacts on physical and mental health of college students. The review provides an overview on the connotation, extension, and adverse effects, as well as potential underlying mechanisms of fear of missing out in mobile social media among college students, which aims to highlight future attention, as well as prevention and intervention reference on fear of missing out in college students.

Relationship between social short form video usage and mental health related behaviors among college students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand the impact of social short form videos on the health of college students, and to provide a basis for health education.@*Methods@#A total of 1 369 college students in 5 universities from Songjiang University Town in Shanghai, participated in this study. A cluster sampling method was employed and questionnaires were designed using a short video social media dependence scale and the Symptom Checklist 90(SCL-90). Data were analyzed and processed by independent sample t test.@*Results@#Participants who were dependent on social short form videos accounted for 31.99%, and significant differences in mental and physical health were found between participants who were dependent on short video use and those who were not dependent. Among short video use dependents, scores corresponding to negative mental health symptoms, such as anxiety (1.73±0.67), were higher than those in the non dependent group (1.64±0.42). Furthermore, scores corresponding to smoking, drinking, eating sweet food (1.88±0.40, 1.91±0.32, 2.15±0.51) and other physiological health factors were higher in the dependent group than the non dependent group (1.70±0.33, 1.79±0.29, 1.54±0.47)( P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#The use of short video social media platforms has a negative impact on the physical and mental health of college students. It is suggested that the critical ability of short video media through psychological counseling, strengthen the check ability of short video social media platforms, so as to help college students to develop coping strategies to diminish their dependence on short video social media.

Research progress on the effects of social media use on adolescents mental health / 中国学校卫生

Abstract@#Social media use and mental health problems in adolescents have long been a concern, but there is controversy in the conclusions on the direction of the relationship and the size of the effect. In order to clarify the relationship between social media and mental health, the paper mainly summarizes the concepts, mediating and moderating factors, as well as protective and risk factors, it also summarizes the limitations of past studies, so as to provide theoretical basis for future research directions.

Cumplimiento de la normatividad en la publicidad televisiva de medicamentos de venta libre en Colombia. Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo 2018 / Compliance with regulations in the television advertising of over-the-counter drugs in Colombia. Retrospective descriptive study 2018

Resumen Introducción: la publicidad televisiva es una estrategia utilizada por la industria farmacéutica para ofrecer sus productos. En el caso de los medicamentos de venta libre, se tiene la responsabilidad de ajustarse a la normativa relacionada con estos productos, con el propósito de proteger al televidente de influencias negativas por posible publicidad imprecisa o engañosa. Objetivo: evaluar el cumplimiento normativo de la publicidad televisiva de medicamentos de venta libre en Colombia de agosto de 2018 en los canales nacionales Caracol y RCN. Metodología: se revisaron las grabaciones de anuncios publicitarios de medicamentos en los canales Caracol y RCN. Aleatoriamente, se seleccionaron los días 2, 4, 22 y 26 de agosto de 2018. La revisión de las grabaciones se realizó por dos evaluadores independientes. Los datos de los anuncios publicitarios se analizaron con estadística descriptiva. Resultados: se identificaron 624 anuncios publicitarios relacionados con medicamentos de venta libre: 601 pautas (96,3 %) y 23 comerciales (3,7 %). Entre los 624 anuncios emitidos, 226 (36,2 %) de 18 medicamentos no cumplieron con algunas condiciones establecidas en la normatividad. Discusión: este estudio, comparado con la publicación del 2014, mostró un incremento en la cantidad de anuncios que no cumplen con la norma, pasando de 8 % a 36,2 %. La principal situación de incumplimiento se debe al tamaño de la fuente, que puede limitar la lectura en poblaciones especiales. Conclusiones: los anuncios televisivos emitidos en los canales nacionales Caracol y RCN, en un 36,2 %, no cumplen con los requisitos definidos por la normatividad vigente.

Abstract Introduction: Advertising broadcast by mass media is a strategy used by the pharmaceutical sectors to offer their products. For of over-the-counter drugs, this sector is responsible for complying with the regulations related to these products, in order to protect the viewers from negative influences, for possible inaccurate or misleading advertising. Objective: To evaluate regulatory compliance in television advertising of over-the-counter drugs in Colombia in August 2018 on Caracol and RCN national channels. Methods: The recordings of the drug advertisements of two national television channels Caracol and RCN were reviewed. The days 2, 4, 22, 26 of august 2018 were randomly selected. Two independent evaluators reviewed the recordings. The data from the advertisements was analyzed with descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 624 commercials related to over-the-counter drugs were identified: 601 guidelines (96.3%) and 23 commercials (3.7%). Among the 624 advertisements broadcast by both national channels, 226 (36.2%) of 18 drugs did not meet some of the conditions established in the regulations. Discussion: Compared to the work done in 2014, shows that there was an increase in the number of advertisements that do not comply with the norm (from 8% to 36.2%). The main non-compliance situation presented by advertisements is related to the source size since small letters can limit the reading of special populations. Conclusion: 36.2% of the television advertisements broadcast on the national television channels Caracol and RCN do not meet the requirements defined by current regulations.

Análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo de las campañas argentinas de prevención de cáncer de mama difundidas mediante imágenes fijas en redes sociales durante octubre del 2019 / Quantitative and qualitative analysis of Argentine breast cancer prevention campaigns disseminated by still images on social networks during October 2019

Objetivos. Documentar cuantitativamente el grado de concordancia con las recomendaciones del Instituto Nacional del Cáncer (INC) de los mensajes institucionales emitidos en redes sociales de Argentina durante octubre de 2019, en el contexto de las campañas de prevención del cáncer mamario, y analizar cualitativamente los elementos icónicos y textuales que conforman sus piezas de difusión. Materiales y métodos. Análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo de 171 piezas de difusión emitidas durante octubre de 2019 por 54 instituciones, a partir de la evaluación de su concordancia con las recomendaciones del INC, la descripción de las principales recomendaciones discordantes (análisis cuantitativo) y el análisis cualitativo de 30 piezas. Resultados. Ninguno de los mensajes emitidos mencionó potenciales daños del tamizaje. Solamente los del Ministerio de Salud de la Nación fueron totalmente concordantes con las recomendaciones del INC, mientras que los restantes recomendaban realizar mamografías a edades más tempranas o a intervalos más breves. El autoexamen mamario fue la recomendación más frecuente entre las discordantes. Predominaron las imágenes de cuerpos femeninos vinculadas con los estereotipos predominantes de género y belleza, y los discursos paternalistas que apelan al miedo y a la culpa. Conclusiones. Los mensajes emitidos en las piezas de difusión analizadas no fueron concordantes con las recomendaciones del INC, a pesar de que estas últimas están respaldadas por evidencia científica. Por otro lado, los mensajes refuerzan los estereotipos de género y belleza, la culpa y el modelo médico-hegemónico.

Objectives. To quantitatively document the degree of compliance of institutional messages broadcast on social networks with the recommendations of the National Cancer Institute (INC) in Argentina during October 2019, in the context of breast cancer prevention campaigns, and to qualitatively analyze the pictorial and textual elements that make up their dissemination pieces. Materials and methods. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of 171 dissemination pieces issued during October 2019 by 54 institutions, based on the evaluation of their compliance with INC recommendations, the description of the main discordant recommendations (quantitative analysis) and the qualitative analysis of 30 pieces. Results. None of the issued messages mentioned potential screening harms. Only the messages of the National Ministry of Health complied completely with the INC recommendations, while the remaining ones recommended mammograms at younger ages or at shorter intervals. Breast self-examination was the most frequent recommendation among those who didn't comply. The images of female bodies linked to common stereotypes of sex and beauty, and paternalistic discourses appealing to fear and guilt were predominant. Conclusions. The messages broadcasted in the analyzed diffusion pieces did not comply with the INC recommendations, despite the fact that the latter are supported by scientific evidence. On the other hand, the messages reinforce sex and beauty stereotypes, guilt and the medical-hegemonic model.

Intención de vacunarse contra COVID-19 en la población de 40 años en adelante en México

Objetivo Evaluar el efecto de las fuentes de información sobre COVID-19, los beneficios y las barreras percibidas de la vacunación, y la actitud hacia la vacunación sobre la intención de vacunarse contra COVID-19 en la población de 40 años en adelante en México. Métodos Se desarrolló una investigación cuantitativa, transversal y explicativa. Se aplicó una encuesta electrónica a 703 personas de 40 años en adelante que residen en México. El análisis de resultados se realizó a través de la técnica de ecuaciones estructurales por medio del método de mínimos cuadrados parciales. Resultados Las fuentes de información sobre COVID-19 influyen positivamente sobre los beneficios percibidos de la vacuna y disminuyen las barreras percibidas. Además, los beneficios percibidos influyen positivamente sobre la actitud hacia la vacunación de COVID-19; sin embargo, las barreras no afectan la actitud. Adicionalmente, esta última influye en la intención de vacunarse contra COVID-19 e, indirectamente, las fuentes de información y los beneficios percibidos influyen sobre la intención a vacunarse mediados por la actitud.

Objective To evaluate the effect of information sources on COVID-19, the benefits and perceived barriers of vaccination, and the attitude towards vaccination on the intention to get vaccinated against COVID-19 in the population aged 40 and over in Mexico. Methods A quantitative, cross-sectional and explanatory investigation was developed. An electronic survey was applied to 703 people aged 40 and over who reside in Mexico. The analysis of results was carried out through the technique of structural equations by means of the method of partial least squares. Results The sources of information on COVID-19 positively influence the perceived benefits of the vaccine and reduce the perceived barriers. Furthermore, the perceived benefits positively influence the attitude towards COVID-19 vaccination; however, barriers do not affect attitude. Additionally, the latter influences the intention to be vaccinated against COVID-19 and indirectly the sources of information and the perceived benefits influence the intention to be vaccinated mediated by the attitude.

Conocimientos, actitudes y percepción sobre el rol de los medios de comunicación respecto a la COVID-19 en estudiantes de Medicina de una universidad peruana / Knowledge, attitudes, and perception of the role of the media regarding COVID-19 in medical students from a peruvian university

RESUMEN Se realizó un estudio transversal en estudiantes de Medicina de una universidad privada de Lima. El objetivo fue describir el nivel de conocimientos y las actitudes sobre la COVID-19, además de su percepción sobre el rol de los medios de comunicación y de las redes sociales. El 32% no sabía que en los primeros cinco días de la enfermedad, las pruebas serológicas son preferibles para diagnosticar la COVID-19, comparadas con las pruebas moleculares; el 73% reportó estar dispuesto a trabajar como voluntario durante la pandemia y el 94% recibió información falsa sobre la COVID-19 en las redes sociales. Este estudio demuestra que la información sobre el uso de pruebas diagnósticas debe ser reforzada y que se debe tomar en cuenta el alto porcentaje de estudiantes dispuestos a ser voluntarios durante la pandemia de la COVID-19.

ABSTRACT A cross-sectional study was carried out on medical students from a private Peruvian university. The aim was to describe knowledge and attitudes towards COVID-19 as well as the student's perception of the role of media outlets and social media. Of the students, 32% did not know that during the first five days of illness, serological tests are preferred for diagnosing COVID-19 over molecular tests; 73% reported being willing to work as a volunteer during the pandemic, and 94% received false information regarding COVID-19 on social media. This study demonstrated that information regarding diagnostic tests should be reinforced and that the high percentage of students willing to volunteer during the COVID-19 pandemic should not be overlooked.

Competencias comunicativas en estudiantes de medicina / Communication skills in medical students

Objetivo: Analizar las competencias comunicativas en estudiantes de medicina de UNIANDES. Método: Descriptiva observacional. Resultados: El 80% de los docentes encuestados mencionó que los estudiantes no poseen habilidades de expresión oral, pero no demuestran un dominio completo sobre la actividad. Conclusión: Los estudiantes de segundo semestre de la carrera de medicina carecen de algunas de las competencias comunicativas como son: lectura comprensiva, lenguaje no verbal, persuasión y expresión oral. falta de claridad e la ideas, fluidez verbal, lenguaje científico, ajuste al tema. Las competencias comunicativas son muy importantes dentro del desenvolvimiento personal y social del estudiante y son de gran relevancia en de la formación del futuro profesional en medicina.

Objective: To analyze the communicative competences in medical students of UNIANDES. Method: Descriptive observational. Results: 80% of the teachers surveyed mentioned that students do not possess oral expression skills, but they do not demonstrate a complete mastery of the activity. Conclusion: Second semester medical students lack some of the communicative competences such as: comprehensive reading, nonverbal language, persuasion and oral expression, lack of clarity of ideas, verbal fluency, scientific language, adjustment to the topic. The communicative competences are very important in the personal and social development of the student and are of great relevance in the formation of the future medical professional.

A representação das enfermeiras na mídia antes e durante a pandemia da covid-19 no Brasil / The representation of nurses in the media before and during the covid-19 pandemic in Brazil / La representación de las enfermeras en los medios de comunicación antes y durante la pandemia del covid-19 en Brasil

Objetivo: Analisar a representação das enfermeiras retratadas pela mídia brasileira no contexto que antecede a pandemia de Covid-19 e as mudanças nessas representações a partir da crise pandêmica. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo exploratório, de abordagem qualitativa, que utilizou a pesquisa documental. O corpus foi constituído por publicações do Conselho Regional de Enfermagem do estado de São Paulo, que, aplicados os critérios de inclusão, foi submetido à análise de conteúdo. Resultados: Foram selecionadas nove publicações, cuja análise de conteúdo evidenciou duas categorias empíricas: A Invisibilidade e Discriminação da Enfermagem nas Representações Midiáticas e A Representação da Enfermagem na Pandemia de Covid-19: o discurso da super-heroína. A análise revelou que as representações que antecedem a pandemia vão da invisibilidade à objetificação sexual. No contexto pandêmico, as narrativas evidenciam a enfermeira como uma figura heróica, o que invisibiliza as contradições e desafios da profissão, cerceando o exercício de direitos. Conclusão: A despeito da visibilidade da profissão nas mídias a partir da pandemia, as entrelinhas dos conteúdos revelam representações estereotipadas e discriminatórias. Essas narrativas, que forjam imaginários e identidades, operam como obstáculos para o reconhecimento da profissão como prática científica e social e de seu papel central no sistema de saúde. (AU)

Objective: Analyze the representation of nurses portrayed by the Brazilian media in the context that precedes the Covid-19 pandemic and changes in these representations from the pandemic crisis. Methods: This is an exploratory study, with a qualitative approach, which used documentary research. The corpus was constituted from publications of the Regional Nursing Council of the State of São Paulo, which, after applying the inclusion criteria, was submitted to content analysis. Results: Nine publications were selected, whose content analysis evidenced two empirical categories: The Invisibility and Discrimination of Nursing in Midia Representations; and The Representation of Nursing in the Covid-19 Pandemic: the superheroine discourse. The analysis revealed the representations that precedes the pandemic range from invisibility to sexual objectification. In the pandemic context, the narratives show the nurse as a heroic figure, which makes the contradictions and challenges of the profession invisible, limiting the exercise of rights. Conclusion: Despite the visibility of the profession in the media after the pandemic, the subtext of the content reveals stereotyped and discriminatory representations. These narratives, which forge imaginaries and identities, act as obstacles to the recognition of the profession as a scientific and social practice and its central role in the health system. (AU)

Objetivo: Analizar la representación de las enfermeras retratadas por los medios brasileños en el contexto que precede a la pandemia Covid-19 y los cambios en estas representaciones desde la crisis pandémica. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio exploratorio, con enfoque cualitativo, que utilizó investigación documental. El corpus consistió en publicaciones del Consejo Regional de Enfermería del estado de São Paulo, las cuales, luego de aplicar los criterios de inclusión, fueron sometidas a análisis de contenido. Resultados: Se seleccionaron nueve publicaciones, cuyo análisis de contenido evidenció dos categorías empíricas: La invisibilidad y discriminación de la enfermería en las representaciones mediáticas; y La representación de la enfermería en la pandemia Covid 19: el discurso de la superheroína. El análisis reveló que las representaciones que preceden a la pandemia van desde la invisibilidad hasta la objetivación sexual. En el contexto de la pandemia, las narrativas muestran a la enfermera como una figura heroica, que invisibiliza las contradicciones y desafíos de la profesión, limitando el ejercicio de derechos. Conclusión: A pesar de la visibilidad de la profesión en los medios luego de la pandemia, el subtexto del contenido revela representaciones estereotipadas y discriminatorias. Estas narrativas, que forjan imaginarios e identidades, actúan como obstáculos para el reconocimiento de la profesión como práctica científica y social y su papel central en el sistema de salud. (AU)

Nem tudo o que reluz é ouro: análise discursiva das campanhas educativas sobre a hanseníase / All that glitters is not gold: discursive analysis of educational campaigns on leprosy

A hanseníase é uma doença infectocontagiosa de caráter crônico cuja transmissão ocorre, preferencialmente, pelo contato prolongado de um indivíduo susceptível com as secreções das vias aéreas de um indivíduo doente. Manifesta-se principalmente por lesões na pele, olhos e comprometimento de nervos periféricos que se não tratados precocemente, podem evoluir para incapacidade física. Essas incapacidades físicas são os principais aspectos estgmatizantes da hanseníase, ainda atrelados à concepções divinas. Nesse sentido, notas-se que a hanseníase é uma doença conhecida, porém, pouco compreendida pela população. Por isso, torna-se fundamental pesquisar sobre o potencial educativo e transformador dessas campanhas, se agem como obstáculo à transformação do estigma sobre a doença ou se são potencialmente transformadoras. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar as representações sociodiscursivas das campanhas sobre hanseníase produzidas e circuladas pelo Ministério da Saúde; identificar e analisar os discursos produzidos nos cartazes das campanhas sobre hanseníase do Ministério da Saúde; identificar os aspectos da conjuntura social acerca da representação da hanseníase; analisar como as campanhas representam em sua linguagem multimodal a doença e as pessoas afetadas pela hanseníase; analisar e explanar criticamente sobre o potencial educativo e transformador das campanhas sobre hanseníase: agem como obstáculo à transformação do estigma sobre a doença ou são potencialmente transformadoras. Foi realizada uma pesquisa documental e discursiva sobre cartazes de campanhas sobre hanseníase, produzidas pelo Ministério da Saúde entre 2010 e 2021, disponibilizadas no Google Search Imagens, Ministério da Saúde, Movimento de Reintegração das Pessoas Atingidas pela Hanseníase, DHAW e Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Para análise do texto verbal foi utilizada a abordagem discursivo-crítica dialético-relacional de Norman Fairclough. Já a análise das imagens foi feita por meio da Gramática do Design Visual de Gunther Kress e Theo van Leeuwen para análise das imagens. Ao analisar os recursos semióticos produzidos nos 17 cartazes que compõem o corpus dessa pesquisa identificamos a articulação entre os discursos biomédico, pedagógico-instrutivo e do autocuidado. A multimodalidade dos cartazes constrói uma ideia positiva da doença, ao destacar imagens de corpos "saudáveis" em contato físico e cores que representam boas vibrações. Velam a realidade da vivência da doença ao desconsiderarem aspectos sociais importantes que envolvem a hanseníase. Contruir uma nova imagem para uma doença tão antiga não é um desafio fácil, principalmente quando se mantem relações com senso comum, permeado de estigmas. As escolhas feitas para a construção dos cartazes buscam reafirmar a hegemonia do saber biomédico influenciado pelo modelo cartesiano que reduz e fragmenta o corpo em partes, como se essas partes fossem mais importantes que o todo. Esse discurso foi construído na tentativa de imprimir na hanseníase a ideologia de uma doença crônica comum, desconsiderando todo seu percurso histórico cultural, que atualmente, representa um dos desafios no controle da doença no Brasil. Os discursos do autocuidado e pedagógico instrutivo buscam transferir para a sociedade a responsabilidade de procurarem pelo diagnóstico e tratamento da doença, que por muito tempo, estiveram sob responsabilidade do Estado

Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease whose transmission occurs, preferably, through prolonged contact of a susceptible individual with secretions from the airways of a sick individual. It is mainly manifested by lesions in the skin, eyes and impairment of peripheral nerves that, if not treated early, can progress to physical disability. These physical disabilities are the main stigmatizing aspects of leprosy, still linked to divine conceptions. In this sense, it is noted that leprosy is a known disease, however, little understood by the population. Therefore, it is essential to research the educational and transforming potential of these campaigns, whether they act as an obstacle to the transformation of the stigma about the disease or whether they are potentially transformative.To analyze the socio-discursive representations of leprosy campaigns produced and propagated by the Ministry of Health; to identify and analyze the discourses contained within the posters of the Ministry of Health's leprosy campaigns; to perform an identify of the social conjuncture on the representation of leprosy; analyze how campaigns represent the disease and the people affected by it in their multimodal language; critically analyze and explain the educational and transforming potential of leprosy campaigns: if they act as an obstacle to the transformation of the stigma about the disease or if they are potentially transformative. Documentary and discursive research on leprosy campaign posters, produced by the Ministry of Health between 2010 and 2021, available on Google Search Images, MS, MORHAN, DHAW, and FIOCRUZ. For verbal text analysis, Norman Fairclough's dialectical-relational approach to critical discourse was used. Image analysis was carried out using the Grammar of Visual Design by Gunther Kress and Theo van Leeuwen. The socio- discursive representations are guided by the biomedical ideology. Verbs in the imperative mood indicate that governments hold the population accountable for disease control actions. The multimodality of the posters builds a positive idea of the disease, by highlighting images of "healthy" bodies in physical contact and colors that represent good vibes. They veil the reality of experiencing the disease by omitting important social aspects involving leprosy. To build a new image for such an old disease is not an easy challenge, especially when relationships are kept with common sense, permeated by stigmas. It is noted that the discourses on leprosy are related, even if indirectly, with the memories that address the stigma and, therefore, the setbacks linked to the formation of social identity and the full exercise of citizenship. The posters, by presenting images of "perfect bodies" and disjointed body parts with the manifestations of the disease, reinforce the stereotypes of the disease, in the same way that they bring insecurity, fear, anxiety, and doubts about it. Such socio-discursive representations accumulate socially and, in this way, perpetuate the mutilating, segregating, punitive, and dishonorable representation of the disease of the past.

Sociodiscursive representations about leprosy in educational campaigns: implications on stigma reduction / Representaciones sociodiscursivas sobre la lepra en campañas educativas: implicaciones en la reeducación del estigma / Representações sociodiscursivas sobre a hanseníase em campanhas educativas: implicações na redução do estigma

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the socio-discursive representations about leprosy produced in posters of educational campaigns of the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Methods: a documentary and discursive research about posters of campaigns about leprosy produced by the Brazilian Ministry of Health and available on Google Search Images. For the analysis, we used the Critical Discourse Analysis approach and the Grammar of Visual Design. Results: the socio-discursive representations of leprosy are based on the biomedical ideology, through a normative-curative discourse that focuses on the dermatological manifestations of the disease. Regarding the construction of the compositional space, there are posters that emphasize the meaning that the disease does not prevent affectionate relationships, and others highlight as "new" the clinical manifestations of the disease. Final Considerations: the normative-curative discourse produced in the campaigns is not enough to face stigma related to the disease. For leprosy to be understood as a common chronic disease, it is first necessary to fight the "social leprosy": the stigma.

RESUMEN Objetivos: analizar representaciones sociodiscursivas sobre lepra producidas en carteles de campañas educativas del Ministerio de Salud de Brasil. Métodos: investigación documental y discursiva acerca de carteles de campañas sobre lepra producidas por el Ministerio de Salud de Brasil y disponibles en Google Search Imagens. Para análisis, utilizado el abordaje del Análisis Crítico del Discurso y Gramática de Diseño Visual. Resultados: las representaciones sociodiscursivas sobre lepra basadas en ideología biomédica, mediante un discurso normativo curativista que enfoca manifestaciones dermatológicas de la enfermedad. Relacionada a construcción del espacio composicional, hay carteles que enfatizan la significación de que la enfermedad no impide relaciones de afecto, y otros remarcan como "nuevo" las manifestaciones clínicas de la enfermedad. Consideraciones Finales: el discurso normativo curativista producido en campañas no es suficiente para enfrentar estigma relacionado a enfermedad. Para la lepra ser comprendida como una enfermedad crónica común, antes es necesario, combatir la "lepra social": el estigma.

RESUMO Objetivos: analisar as representações sociodiscursivas sobre hanseníase produzidas em cartazes de campanhas educativas do Ministério da Saúde do Brasil. Métodos: pesquisa documental e discursiva acerca de cartazes de campanhas sobre hanseníase produzidas pelo Ministério da Saúde do Brasil e disponibilizadas no Google Search Imagens. Para análise, usou-se a abordagem da Análise Crítica do Discurso e a Gramática do Design Visual. Resultados: as representações sociodiscursivas sobre hanseníase se pautam na ideologia biomédica, mediante um discurso normativo-curativista que focaliza as manifestações dermatológicas da doença. Com relação à construção do espaço composicional, há cartazes que enfatizam a significação de que a doença não impede relações de afeto, e outros remarcam como "novo" as manifestações clínicas da doença. Considerações Finais: o discurso normativo-curativista produzido nas campanhas não é suficiente para enfrentar estigma relacionado à doença. Para a hanseníase ser compreendida como uma doença crônica comum, é necessário, antes, combater a "lepra social": o estigma.

Vozes de uma Reforma Sanitária: trabalhadores, sanitaristas e suburbanos na imprensa carioca da Primeira República / Voices of a Sanitary Reform: workers, public health phisicians and suburbanites in the Rio de Janeiro press of the First Republic

A partir da compreensão que a formação de valores públicos e a cultura política são partes constituintes da política e dos processos de mudança histórica, a presente tese aborda o debate sobre o saneamento em jornais comerciais e populares como parte integrante do processo de politização da saúde que desembocou na Reforma Sanitária de 1920. A análise de diferentes periódicos comerciais do período aponta que os integrantes do Movimento Pró-Saneamento se articularam à imprensa por meio de suas redes de sociabilidade e fizeram da comunicação um instrumento político para a efetivação de mudanças institucionais para a saúde pública. Entre 1916 e 1920, a interpretação que repunha a saúde como problema central para a formação nacional e responsabilidade do governo federal se sedimentou no debate público e se estabeleceu como parte do senso comum, antecipando a consolidação do aparato institucional. A vocalização pública dos argumentos e propostas do Movimento Pró-Saneamento não encontrou um público apático ou indiferente entre os grupos populares. A consideração de periódicos produzidos por trabalhadores e moradores dos subúrbios cariocas publicados no período anterior à publicização do argumento pró-saneamento identificou que a saúde era objeto de reivindicações e se articulava a diferentes pautas de lutas populares. Suas formulações sobre a saúde e o adoecimento antecipavam elementos que estariam presente nas teses do movimento pró-saneamento, tais como as relações entre abandono pelo Estado e adoecimento e entre as condições de vida, de trabalho e saúde. Durante o período de maior publicização do argumento sanitarista, trabalhadores e suburbanos estabeleceram afinidades e críticas à proposta de saneamento. O saneamento ao qual esses diferentes grupos de trabalhadores se referiam guardava aproximações e cruzamentos com a proposta dos sanitaristas ao mesmo tempo em que apontava para outros sentidos, vinculados a uma gramática de luta própria. Por meio do periodismo, parcelas mais amplas da população politizaram a saúde, apontaram contradições e lacunas existentes entre os argumentos e as práticas das autoridades sanitárias, imprimiram novos sentidos a palavra saneamento e reivindicaram melhorias em suas condições de vida e trabalho. Por fim, a tese argumenta que o processo de Reforma Sanitária colocado em curso na década de 1920 pode ser compreendido como um momento que não se encerrou nas formulações e ações de uma determinada elite política e intelectual, mas que abrigou também a agência de grupos sociais subalternizados.

Based on the understanding that the formation of public values and political culture are constituent parts of politics and processes of historical change, this thesis addresses the debate on sanitation in commercial and popular newspapers as an integral part of the process of politicization of health that led to the Brazilian Sanitary Reform of 1920. The analysis of different commercial journals of the period points out that the members of the Pro-Sanitation Movement articulated themselves to the press through their networks and made of this communication media a political instrument to effect institutional changes for public health. Between 1916 and 1920, the interpretation that repositioned health as a central problem for national formation and responsibility of the federal government became sedimented in the public debate and established as a part of the common sense, anticipating the consolidation of the institutional apparatus. The public vocalization of the Pro-Sanitation Movement's arguments and proposals did not find an apathetic or indifferent audience among the popular segments. The consideration of the newspapers produced by popular segments and published in the period before the publicizing of the pro-sanitation argument identified that health was an object of claims and articulated with different agendas of popular struggles. Their formulations on health and illness anticipated elements that would be present in the theses of the pro-sanitation movement, such as the relations between abandonment by the State and illness, as well as between life and working conditions and health. During the period of greater publicization of the pro-sanitation argument, workers and residents of the suburbs established affinities and criticisms to the sanitation proposal. The sanitation to which the workers referred kept approximations and intersections with the health reformers proposal, while it pointed to other meanings linked to its own grammar of struggle. Through journalism, wider segments of the population politicized health, pointed out contradictions and gaps between the arguments and practices of health authorities, gave new meanings to the word sanitation and claimed improvements in their living and working conditions. Finally, the thesis argues that the process of Sanitary Reform set in motion in the 1920s can be understood as a moment that did not end in the formulations and actions of a particular political and intellectual elite, but also harboured the agency of subalternized social segments.

Food diet and representations of dental caries published in a traditional brazilian newspaper / Dieta alimentar e representações da doença cárie publicadas em um tradicional jornal brasileiro

ABSTRACT Objective: To apprehend the representations of dental caries present in a Brazilian print media, considering different historical periods, with emphasis on the dietary factor in the issue of etiology and disease prevention. Methods: This is a descriptive documentary research study carried out from the analysis of digitalized printed editions of Jornal do Brasil, published between 1891 and 1990, available for consultation on the electronic portal of the collection of periodicals entitled Brazilian Digital Library. For the search, the terminologies 'cárie dentária' and 'cárie dental' (both meaning dental caries) were used. The platform displays editions from pre-determined time periods. The displays were considered for all journalistic genres, composing or not the main or prominent theme. The data found were analyzed qualitatively. Results: In total, 675 occurrences were registered with the term 'cárie dentária' and 33 with the term 'cárie dental'. The representations of dental caries had multiple and complex variations. The object reconstruction process generated the categories: prevention, public policy and etiology. The topic of food diet significantly crossed the entire time span studied and remained frequently linked to tooth decay, sometimes related to the etiology, sometimes to the prevention of the disease. Conclusion: Jornal do Brasil reflected old knowledge in the field of dentistry, added new scientific knowledge and popularized it for the readership of the written press.

RESUMO Objetivo: Apreender as representações da cárie dentária presentes em um veículo da mídia impressa brasileira, considerando diferentes períodos históricos, com destaque para o fator dieta alimentar na questão da etiologia e da prevenção da doença. Métodos: Trata-se de pesquisa documental de caráter descritivo, realizada a partir da análise de edições impressas digitalizadas do Jornal do Brasil, publicadas entre 1891 e 1990, disponíveis para consulta no portal eletrônico de acervo de periódicos intitulado Hemeroteca Digital Brasileira. Para a busca foram utilizadas as terminologias 'cárie dentária' e 'cárie dental'. A plataforma expõe as edições a partir de períodos de tempo pré-determinados. As aparições foram consideradas para todos os gêneros jornalísticos, compondo ou não tema principal ou de destaque. Os dados encontrados foram analisados qualitativamente. Resultados: No total, foram registradas 675 ocorrências com o termo 'cárie dentária' e 33 com o termo 'cárie dental'. As representações da doença cárie tiveram múltiplas e complexas variações. O processo de reconstrução do objeto gerou as categorias: prevenção, política pública e etiologia. O tema dieta alimentar atravessou significativamente todo o arco temporal pesquisado e permaneceu frequentemente ligado à cárie dentária, ora relacionado à etiologia ora à prevenção da doença. Conclusão: O Jornal do Brasil refletiu antigos conhecimentos do campo da odontologia, agregou novos saberes científicos e os vulgarizou para o público leitor da imprensa escrita.

Investigation on the risk awareness of medical live webcast of physicians in public hospitals / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective:To investigate the current risk awareness of medical online live webcasts among physicians in public hospital, so as to provide reference in promoting the peaceful development of medical online live webcast.Methods:From March 15th to 31st, 2022, the research team used the convenience sampling method to conduct a questionnaire survey on the risk awareness of medical online live webcast among doctors in public hospitals with the help of the " Physician Daily" Internet platform. All data were analyzed descriptively, and the comparison between groups was conducted by Chi square test.Results:1 015 questionnaires were recovered, of which 828 were valid, with an effective recovery rate of 81.6%. 741 doctors (89.5%) knew about the medical webcast, and 752 doctors (90.8%) thought that the medical webcast was risky. More than 50.0% of doctors believed that misleading the public, disclosing patients′ privacy and ideological risk were the risk points of live webcast; Health science popularization, doctor-patient humanistic activities and free medical activities were suitable for live webcast; Live webcast with goods and medical diagnosis were inappropriate for live webcast. There were significant differences in the cognition of doctors with different professional titles on the ideological risk, disclosure of patient privacy, health science popularization, medical and patient humanistic activities, and live webcasting with goods ( P < 0.05). 219 doctors participated in the medical network live webcast, of which 148 (67.6%) reported live webcast. Conclusions:Physicians in public hospitals are generally aware of medical webcasting and believe that there are risks in such behavior. But physicians with different professional titles have different cognitions on the risk points, suitable content, inappropriate behavior, and live webcastreporting of medical webcasting.

Impacto del aislamiento social por COVID-19 en los hábitos de consumo de los medios de comunicación en Perú / Impact of social isolation by COVID-19 on media consumption habits in Peru

La investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar el impacto del aislamiento social por COVID-19 en los hábitos de consumo de los medios de comunicación de la población peruana. El estudio fue descriptivo simple y contó con una muestra de 3 618 personas de entre 18 y 69 años de edad, residentes en el Perú. Se aplicó en forma online un cuestionario tipo Likert de 36 ítems que midieron 6 dimensiones. La validez de contenido del instrumento fue evaluada por 20 expertos, y la validez de constructo y la confiabilidad fueron evaluadas en una muestra piloto de 200 sujetos. Los resultados evidenciaron un impacto positivo del aislamiento social en los hábitos de consumo de los medios de comunicación (54,4 por ciento), que fue más alto en la frecuencia de consumo de los medios de comunicación online (62,2 por ciento); la utilidad de los medios de comunicación (59,1 por ciento); la necesidad de información sobre la COVID-19 (47,7 por ciento); la interactividad a través de los medios de comunicación (43,7 por ciento) y la preferencia de los medios comunicación (41,9 por ciento); mientras que el impacto nulo fue preponderante en la frecuencia de consumo de los medios de comunicación offline (46 por ciento) y en la actitud hacia el tratamiento de la información sobre la COVID-19 (48,4 por ciento). Se concluyó que el impacto del aislamiento social por COVID-19 en los hábitos de consumo de los medios de comunicación en la población estudiada fue positivo, con mayor incidencia en los medios online(AU)

The research aimed to determine the impact of social isolation by COVID-19 on the media consumption habits among the Peruvian population. It was a simple descriptive study that included a sample of 3618 people between the ages of 18 and 69, residing in Peru. A Likert questionnaire of 36 items measuring 6 dimensions was applied online; the content validity of the instrument was evaluated by 20 experts, and the construct validity and reliability were evaluated in a pilot sample of 200 subjects. The results showed a positive impact of social isolation on media consumption habits (54,4 percent), which was higher in the frequency of online media consumption (62.2 percent), the usefulness of the media (59.1 percent), the need for information about COVID-19 (47.7 percent), the interactivity through the media (43.7 percent), and the media preference (41.9 percent); whereas the null impact was predominant in the frequency of offline media consumption (46 percent) and in the attitude towards the treatment of information about COVID-19 (48.4 percent). It was concluded that the impact of social isolation by COVID-19 on media consumption habits among the studied population was positive, with greater incidence in online media(AU)

Notícias sobre suicídio veiculadas em jornal brasileiro / News coverage on suicides published in Brazilian news media channels

Resumo O presente trabalho analisou como as notícias sobre suicídio são veiculadas em jornal eletrônico brasileiro e avaliou se as recomendações da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) foram atendidas nessas publicações. Estudo quantitativo, documental e retrospectivo que investigou 89 notícias publicadas sobre suicídio no ano de 2017 no jornal brasileiro de maior circulação. Foi utilizada estatística descritiva e testes de associação para análise dos dados. A maioria das matérias não continha tanto aspectos contraindicados quanto aspectos recomendados pela OMS. As características mais frequentes dos casos noticiados não correspondem diretamente ao perfil epidemiológico do comportamento suicida, mas a interesses midiáticos. São necessárias ações favoreçam o envolvimento da mídia na prevenção do suicídio, divulgação de recursos e estratégias de apoio e redução de estigma e efeito contágio.

Abstract This study analyzed how news coverage about suicides is published in the Brazilian electronic media and evaluated if the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO) were complied with in the online media. This quantitative, documentary and retrospective study investigated 89 published news items about suicide in 2017 in the Brazilian newspaper sites with the largest circulation. Descriptive statistics and tests of association were used for data analysis. The majority of news items contained neither content to be avoided nor aspects recommended by the WHO. The most frequent characteristics of the reported cases do not correspond directly to the epidemiological profile of suicidal behavior, but to media interests. Actions are needed to foster media involvement in suicide prevention, dissemination of resources and strategies to support and reduce stigma and the contagion effect.